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貨期:
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用途:
For Research Use Only. Not for use in diagnostic or therapeutic procedures.
Release of an N-terminal amino acid, cleaves before cysteine, leucine as well as other amino acids. Degrades peptide hormones such as oxytocin, vasopressin and angiotensin III, and plays a role in maintaining homeostasis during pregnancy. May be involved in the inactivation of neuronal peptides in the brain. Cleaves Met-enkephalin and dynorphin. Binds angiotensin IV and may be the angiotensin IV receptor in the brain.
基因功能參考文獻:
This study shown that the schizophrenia patients, the numerical density of IRAP-expressing neurons in the paraventricular and the suprachiasmatic nuclei is significantly reduced, which might be associated with the reduction in neurophysin-containing neurons in these nuclei in schizophrenia. PMID: 28035472
Vasopressinase might be a potential early biomarker for acute kidney injury after cardiopulmonary bypass. PMID: 26366890
Structural and biological characterization of three low molecular weight aryl sulfonamides: binding modes to human IRAP were explored by docking calculations combined with molecular dynamics simulations and binding affinity estimations using the linear interaction energy method. Two of these drug-like IRAP inhibitors can alter dendritic spine morphology and increase spine density in primary cultures of hippocampal neurons PMID: 27501164
The PCR-RFLP is a simple and reliable method that allows a quick genotyping for the rs4869317 SNP of LNPEP gene. PMID: 27834335
This study describes a crystal structure of insulin-regulated aminopeptidase in complex with a recently developed bioactive and selective inhibitor at 2.53 A resolution. PMID: 28328206
The substrate Angiotensin II, the enzymes aminopeptidases-A, B, M as well as IRAP were detected in the jejunal mucosa. PMID: 26311161
Determined is the crystal structure of human IRAP revealing a closed, four domain arrangement with a large, mostly buried cavity abutting the active site. PMID: 25408552
We identified the missense variant rs2303138 (p.Ala763Thr) within the LNPEP gene associated with psoriasis. PMID: 23897274
Activities of aminopeptidases N and B and insulin-regulated aminopeptidase could be useful non-invasive biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease from the earliest stages. PMID: 23500679
An association between maternal common polymorphisms in LNPEP and susceptibility to preterm birth was observed. PMID: 23889750
S1 specificity pocket of the aminopeptidases that generate antigenic peptides. PMID: 21314638
The genetic variation in LNPEP (vasopressinase) is associated with 28-day mortality in septic shock and is associated with biologic effects on vasopressin clearance and serum sodium regulation PMID: 21330387
investigation of domain structure of IRAP; catalytic domains; inhibitor-binding domains; zinc binding sites PMID: 21348480
Although PLAP has the necessary enzymatic properties to participate in generating or destroying major histocompatibility class I-presented peptides, its trimming behavior during antigen processing is distinct from that of ERAP1. PMID: 20592285
Expression of AT4R was increased in term placentae, with a significant reduction in pre-eclampsia placentae. PMID: 20304486
The probable involvement of P-LAP in trophoblast invasion and development of preeclampsia. PMID: 20150869
Identification of a tankyrase-binding motif in this protein PMID: 12080061
Interleukin-1beta stimulates expression in BeWo choriocarcinoma cells PMID: 12569180
The expression of IRAP/P-LAP is not limited to fat and muscle cells, and the subcellular distribution of IRAP/P-LAP is regulated by different peptide hormones and exercise. PMID: 12700100
Of a range of peptides tested, only vasopressin, oxytocin, and met-enkephalin were rapidly cleaved by IRAP. We propose that the physiological effects of AT4 ligands result from inhibition of IRAP cleavage of neuropeptides involved in memory processing PMID: 12871575
Placental leucine aminopeptidase/oxytocinase gene regulation by activator protein-2 in BeWo cell model of human trophoblast differentiation. PMID: 14527672
This review characterizes insulin-regulated IRAP in muscle and fat cells and discusses how impaired IRAP action may play a role in the development of complications in type 2 diabetes. PMID: 15187412
P-LAP/OTase is type II integral membrane protein, which is converted to soluble form existing in maternal serum by metalloproteases. It may be involved in maintaining pregnancy homeostasis via metabolizing peptides such as OT & vasopressin[review] PMID: 15894523
oxytocinase subfamily of M1 aminopeptidases play important roles in the maintenance of homeostasis including maintenance of normal pregnancy, memory retention, blood pressure regulation and antigen presentation [review] PMID: 16054015
RCAS1 and CAP may play a role in the downregulation of the maternal immune response during pregnancy and may participate in the initiation of the labor PMID: 16113565
no significant increase of oxytocinase plasma level in first trimester spontaneous abortions PMID: 16136012
In addition to its capacity to degrade a range of peptides, placental-leucine aminopeptidase (P-LAP) has novel functions that impact on normal cells and neoplastic cells. PMID: 17373876
Substrate degradation studies using vasopressin & Leu-enkephalin showed that replacement of G428 by either D, E or Q selectively abolished the catalysis of Leu-enkephalin, while [A429G]IRAP & [N432A]IRAP mutants were incapable of cleaving both substrates PMID: 17391061
fluorimetrically analysis of membrane-bound and soluble Cystinyl aminopeptidase activity in the three main renal cancers: clear cell (CCRCC), papillary (PRCC), and chromophobe (ChRCC) renal cell carcinomas PMID: 17692401
Data show that placental leucine aminopeptidase (P-LAP) plays important roles in the regulation of blood pressure under both the physiological and pathological conditions. PMID: 17999179
Insulin-regulated aminopeptidase (IRAP)/AT4 receptors are involved in neither the regulation of RBF or CBF nor in the handling of renal sodium. PMID: 18398343
study identifies smooth muscle cell alpha actin positive ACE2 and AT4R in blood vessels as well as in angiogenic vessels, indicating a possible role for these enzymes in pathological disease PMID: 18502721
Triton-slowed APN as well as PLAP is present in the serum of pregnant women. PMID: 18996364
distinct biological effects of Angiotensin II 3-8 fragment, denoted as Angiotensin IV, and high affinity Ang IV binding to the AT(4) receptor. [review] PMID: 19071192
study found a role for peptide trimming by IRAP in cross-presentation; in dendritic cells, IRAP was localized to a Rab14+ endosomal storage compartment in which it interacted with MHC class I molecules PMID: 19498108
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亞細胞定位:
Cell membrane; Single-pass type II membrane protein. Note=In brain only the membrane-bound form is found. The protein resides in intracellular vesicles together with GLUT4 and can then translocate to the cell surface in response to insulin and/or oxytocin. Localization may be determined by dileucine internalization motifs, and/or by interaction with tankyrases.; [Leucyl-cystinyl aminopeptidase, pregnancy serum form]: Secreted. Note=During pregnancy serum levels are low in the first trimester, rise progressively during the second and third trimester and decrease rapidly after parturition.
蛋白家族:
Peptidase M1 family
組織特異性:
Highly expressed in placenta, heart, kidney and small intestine. Detected at lower levels in neuronal cells in the brain, in skeletal muscle, spleen, liver, testes and colon.